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The copper current collector on negative graphite electrodes in lithium-ion batteries have been seen to dissolve at over discharge. This can be a safety concern as the dissolution damages the current collector irreversibly and dissolved copper ions can redeposit and form dendrites. Batteries are usually operated within specified voltage limits, either on cell or pack level, in order to avoid over discharge. However, over discharge may still occur, either in a pack due to charge imbalances between the individual cells, or, as we will partly investigate in this tutorial, due to local heterogeneities in the electrodes within a single battery cell.

This tutorial investigates the copper current-collector dissolution during overdischarge from an electrode with an inhomogeneous graphite electrode material coating thickness. The cuprous ion concentration, as well as the redeposited copper distribution in the cell, are predicted.