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Graphene, carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice has sparked tremendous research and application interests since its experimental discovery about two decades ago. Besides being ultrathin, this material exhibits a plethora of interesting properties, including high electrical and thermal conductivities, high elasticity, high mechanical strength, and so on. Among various applications, a promising field is graphene-based electro-optical devices, such as photodetectors, photodiodes, and metamaterials. An additional desirable trait of graphene is that its optical response can be actively controlled by changing its Fermi energy via electrical gating. In this model, we first demonstrate how to compute the optical conductivity of graphene using the Kubo formula. The computed conductivity is then used to model a graphene-based THz metamaterial absorber.

A more detailed description of this model can be found in our blog post "Modeling Graphene in High-Frequency Electromagnetics".