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In electromagnetic simulations, such as transformers and converter stations, one often needs to include geometrically thin conductive layers. Explicitly meshing these thin layers can be computationally expensive and numerically challenging, especially when the layer thickness is much smaller than the wavelength of EM waves or the characteristic mesh size. In COMSOL, one can approximate conductive layers by using the Transition Boundary Condition (TBC) or Impedance Boundary Condition (IBC) boundary feature. Both TBC and IBC features support not only frequency-domain studies but also time-domain studies. In this example, you will be focused on TBC and demonstrate that it can produce accurate results in both the time and frequency domain simulations.