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In every system where there is conduction of electric current, and where the conductivity of the material is finite, there will be electric heating. Electric heating, also referred to as Joule heating, is in many cases an undesired by-product of current conduction. This model simulates a ... 詳細を見る

Scientists use the SAR (specific absorption rate) to determine the amount of radiation that human tissue absorbs. This measurement is especially important for mobile telephones, which radiate close to the brain. The model studies how a human head absorbs a radiated wave from an antenna ... 詳細を見る

シリコンウェハーは, 時間の経過とともに放射状に移動するレーザーによって加熱されます. さらに, ウェハー自体もステージ上で回転します. レーザーからの入射熱流束は, 表面上の空間的に分散した熱源としてモデル化されます. ウェハーの過渡的な熱応答が表示されます. 加熱プロセス中のピーク温度, 平均温度, 最小温度, およびウェハー全体の温度変化が計算されます. 詳細を見る

As oil flows through a pipeline section heat is released due to the work of internal friction forces in the fluid. With good insulation of the pipeline, this generated heat can be used to avoid preheating of the oil, despite the fact that it is to be transported in a cold environment ... 詳細を見る

Thermoelectric elements are often used to cool or heat electronic components to a desired temperature. In such simulations, you are typically not interested in the behavior of the thermoelectric element itself but want to use its performance characteristics to model the overall response ... 詳細を見る

This example demonstrates how to model moisture transfer and induced swelling in a paperboard roll subject to varying ambient conditions. The material properties of the paperboard are anisotropic. 詳細を見る

Freeze-drying, or lyophilization, is a process for drying heat-sensitive substances such as foods, blood plasma, and antibiotics. The wet substance is frozen and then, through sublimation, ice (or some other frozen solvent) is removed in the presence of a high vacuum. This example ... 詳細を見る

This model studies the heat conduction in a thermal bridge made up of an iron bar and an insulation layer that separates a hot internal side from a cold external side. The heat flux between internal and external side and the maximum temperature on the external wall are compared them with ... 詳細を見る

This model simulates a static analysis of heat conduction in a thin conductive shell. This is a benchmark model where the result is compared with a NAFEMS benchmark solution. 詳細を見る

This model studies the heat conduction in a building structure separating two floors from the external environment. Four materials with distinct thermal conductivities k compose the structure. The exterior and interior boundaries are facing environments respectively at 0°C and 20°C. The ... 詳細を見る