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This model incorporates the transport and electrolytic reaction in the treatment of tumor tissue. Oxygen evolution at the anode produces protons, which lowers the pH, while chlorine production also leads to lowered pH through the hydrolysis of chlorine. One effect of a low pH is the ... 詳細を見る

Pitting corrosion is a type of localized corrosion by which local cavities, pits, are formed on an initially smooth metal surface. A pit may be initialized by surface defects, such as an inhomogeneities in composition or shape, or mechanical abuse resulting in a small scratch or dent. ... 詳細を見る

This tutorial models the acoustic behavior of a loudspeaker driver mounted in a bass reflex enclosure. The enclosure, sometimes called the cabinet, alters substantially the sensitivity and radiation characteristics of the loudspeaker and it is why it is usually considered part of the ... 詳細を見る

The noise emitted from an electrical machine can have many sources. In this example, acoustic noise from vibrations created by magnetic force variation is studied. Such noise is often audible at twice the excitation frequency but can also occur at higher frequencies or harmonics of the ... 詳細を見る

When electrical energy is converted into mechanical work in an electrical motor, the "wasted" energy that causes device heating is usually referred to as loss. The ratio of useful work to input energy, or the efficiency of the motor, is an important property for the overall energy ... 詳細を見る

Linear motors are used in many applications in need of translational motion. Typical characteristics of linear motor designs are high precision or quick acceleration. This model investigates a synchronous motor with three-phase winding on the stationary part and permanent magnets on the ... 詳細を見る

Modeling the electrical activity in cardiac tissue is an important step in understanding the patterns of contractions and dilations in the heart. The heart produces rhythmic electrical pulses, which trigger the mechanical contractions of the muscle. A number of heart conditions involve ... 詳細を見る

The electrochemical cell shown in this model can be regarded as a unit cell of a larger wire-mesh electrode that is common in many industrial processes. One of the most important aspects in the design of electrochemical cells is the current density distributions in the electrolyte and ... 詳細を見る

This model simulates a holographic page data storage system. The studies include the recording and retrieval processes. The object beam encrypting 8-bit data is focused into a holographic material by a Fourier lens (Fourier transformation). In the recording process, the object beam ... 詳細を見る

Battery electrodes featuring large heterogeneities in terms of particle sizes may sometimes not be adequately described by homogenized models using one single particle size only. As an alternative to adding multiple instances of the Additional Porous Electrode material node, this ... 詳細を見る