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In every system where there is conduction of electric current, and where the conductivity of the material is finite, there will be electric heating. Electric heating, also referred to as Joule heating, is in many cases an undesired by-product of current conduction. This model simulates a ... 詳細を見る

This suite of examples illustrate the modeling of selective NO reduction, that occurs as flue gases pass through the channels of a monolithic reactor in the exhaust system of a motored vehicle. The simulations are aimed at finding the optimal dosing of NH3, the reactant that serves as ... 詳細を見る

This model studies a part of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger where hot water enters from above. The cooling medium flows through the tubes that, in this model, impose a constant temperature at the walls. Furthermore, the tubes are assumed to be made of stainless steel and the heat flux ... 詳細を見る

Small heating circuits find use in many applications. For example, in manufacturing processes, they heat up reactive fluids. The device in this tutorial consists of an electrically resistive layer deposited on a glass plate. The layer results in Joule heating when a voltage is applied to ... 詳細を見る

This model illustrates how to implement a multiphysics contact. It models the thermal and electrical behavior of two contacting parts of a switch. The electrical current and the heat flow from one part to the other only through the contact surface. The contact switch device has a ... 詳細を見る

Marangoni convection occurs when the surface tension of an interface (generally liquid-air) depends on the concentration of a species or on the temperature distribution. In the case of temperature dependence, the Marangoni effect is also called thermo-capillary convection. The Marangoni ... 詳細を見る

This example demonstrates how to model a phase change and predict its impact on a heat transfer analysis. When a material changes phase, for instance from solid to liquid, energy is added to the solid. Instead of creating a temperature rise, the energy alters the material’s molecular ... 詳細を見る

ヒートパイプは, 作動流体の気化, 物質移動, 凝縮を通じて熱を効率的に伝達するように設計されています. ヒートパイプは, 電子機器の冷却など, 熱制御が重要となるさまざまな用途で使用されています. ヒートパイプ内部では, 高温側と低温側の温度差と蒸気圧の温度依存性により, 蒸気室全体に圧力差が生じます. この圧力差により, 蒸気は高温側から低温側へと移動します. 高温側では, 蒸発が蒸気-ウィック界面でヒートシンクとして機能し, 逆に低温側では凝縮が熱源として機能します. このモデルは, ... 詳細を見る

This tutorial shows how to model tissue heating induced by focused ultrasound. First, the stationary acoustic field in the water and the tissue are modeled to obtain the acoustic intensity distribution in the tissue. The absorbed acoustic energy is then calculated and used as the heat ... 詳細を見る

This example shows how to set up multiple sandwiched thin layers with different thermal conductivities in two different ways. First, the composite is modeled as a 3D object. In the second approach the Thin Layer boundary condition with the thermally thick option is used to avoid ... 詳細を見る