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In a redox flow battery electrochemical energy is stored as redox couples in the electrolyte, which is stored in tanks outside the electrochemical cell. During operation, electrolyte is pumped through the cell and, due to the electrochemical reactions, the individual concentrations of ... 詳細を見る

Lead-acid batteries are widely used as starting batteries for various traction applications such as cars and trucks and so forth. The reason for this is the fairly low cost in combination with the performance robustness for a broad range of operating conditions. However, one drawback of ... 詳細を見る

This example illustrates the use of the Maxwell-Stefan diffusion model available with the Transport of Concentrated Species interface. It models multicomponent gas-phase diffusion in a Stefan tube in 1D. In this case, it is a liquid mixture of acetone and methanol that evaporates into ... 詳細を見る

For an electrochemical reaction to occur, the reacting species usually needs to adsorb to the electrode surface before undergoing reduction or oxidation, after which the resulting product species desorbs back into the electrolyte. If the rate of adsorption or desorption is slow in ... 詳細を見る

This tutorial models the cathodic protection of an oil rig structure during a time period of 15 years. As a result of the consumption of the sacrificial anodes, the protective capabilities system are reduced over time. The anode shape change in the model is defined by using the Level ... 詳細を見る

A fuel cell unit cell is modeled using the full Butler-Volmer expression for the anodic and cathodic charge transfer reactions. The anodic and cathodic overpotentials depend on the local ionic and electronic potentials, which are obtained from the charge balance equations for ionic and ... 詳細を見る

Plate reactors running under continuous conditions have emerged as candidates to replace batch reactors, primarily in fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals production. One of the advantages of the plate reactor design is that it allows for efficient temperature control of the reacting ... 詳細を見る

The hydrolysis of propylene oxide into propylene glycol is an important chemical process with 400,000 metric tons produced worldwide each year. Propylene glycol finds wide application as a moisturizer in foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. In this example, the startup phase of a ... 詳細を見る

This 3D model example demonstrates the use of the Primary Current Distribution interface for modeling current distributions in electrochemical cells. In primary current distribution, the potential losses due to electrode kinetics and mass transport are assumed to be negligible, and ... 詳細を見る

This model uses the Reacting Flow multiphysics interface to simulate a methane steam reformer. The model accounts for the interactions between the chemical reactions, the transport of species, the fluid flow, and the heat transfer in a porous medium. 詳細を見る