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Continuous mixing is used in process equipment to mix components in a single pass. Compared to batch mixing, this operation has the advantage that the tank filling and emptying steps are eliminated, implying that the process can be run without interruptions. A disadvantage of continuous ... 詳細を見る

In massive forming processes like rolling or extrusion, metal alloys are deformed in a hot solid state with material flowing under ideally plastic conditions. Such processes can be simulated effectively using computational fluid dynamics, where the material is considered as a fluid with ... 詳細を見る

This tutorial example of the pasta extruxion process shows how to simulate the non-isothermal flow of dough in the metering zone of a pasta extruder accounting for the temperature dependent material properties of the hydrated semolina dough. 詳細を見る

In friction stir welding, a rotating tool moves along the weld joint and melts the aluminum through the generation of friction heat. The tool’s rotation stirs the melted aluminum such that the two plates are joined. In this model, two aluminum plates are joined by generating friction ... 詳細を見る

Micromixers can either be static or dynamic depending on the required mixing time and length scale. For static mixers, the Reynolds number has to be suitable high to induce turbulence enhanced mixing. Often micromixers operate in the laminar flow regime due to their small characteristic ... 詳細を見る

This example shows how to set up multiple sandwiched thin layers with different thermal conductivities in two different ways. First, the composite is modeled as a 3D object. In the second approach the Thin Layer boundary condition with the thermally thick option is used to avoid ... 詳細を見る

This is a conceptual model illustrating how to couple fluid-structure interaction, heat transfer, and thermal expansion. A bimetallic strip in an air channel is heated so that it bends. After some time, an airflow with an inlet temperature which varies in time is introduced. As a ... 詳細を見る

Freeze-drying, or lyophilization, is a process for drying heat-sensitive substances such as foods, blood plasma, and antibiotics. The wet substance is frozen and then, through sublimation, ice (or some other frozen solvent) is removed in the presence of a high vacuum. This example ... 詳細を見る

This tutorial model solves the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in a backstep geometry using the Laminar Flow interface. A characteristic feature of fluid flow in geometries of this kind is the recirculation region that forms where the flow exits the narrow inlet region. The model ... 詳細を見る

Many complex fluids of interest exhibit a combination of viscous and elastic behavior under strain. Examples of such fluids are polymer solutions and melts, oil, toothpaste, and clay, among many others. The Oldroyd-B fluid presents one of the simplest constitutive models capable of ... 詳細を見る