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In every system where there is conduction of electric current, and where the conductivity of the material is finite, there will be electric heating. Electric heating, also referred to as Joule heating, is in many cases an undesired by-product of current conduction. This model simulates a ... 詳細を見る

This model studies a part of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger where hot water enters from above. The cooling medium flows through the tubes that, in this model, impose a constant temperature at the walls. Furthermore, the tubes are assumed to be made of stainless steel and the heat flux ... 詳細を見る

This model illustrates how to implement a multiphysics contact. It models the thermal and electrical behavior of two contacting parts of a switch. The electrical current and the heat flow from one part to the other only through the contact surface. The contact switch device has a ... 詳細を見る

Marangoni convection occurs when the surface tension of an interface (generally liquid-air) depends on the concentration of a species or on the temperature distribution. In the case of temperature dependence, the Marangoni effect is also called thermo-capillary convection. The Marangoni ... 詳細を見る

This example demonstrates how to model a phase change and predict its impact on a heat transfer analysis. When a material changes phase, for instance from solid to liquid, energy is added to the solid. Instead of creating a temperature rise, the energy alters the material’s molecular ... 詳細を見る

This example studies heat transfer in a square column. Cold and hot temperature conditions are applied to the boundaries. Due to the symmetry of the problem, the geometry is simplified to half of the square. The temperature field is compared with the analytic data. This example ... 詳細を見る

This example shows how to set up multiple sandwiched thin layers with different thermal conductivities in two different ways. First, the composite is modeled as a 3D object. In the second approach the Thin Layer boundary condition with the thermally thick option is used to avoid ... 詳細を見る

When cooking food, such as a patty, in convection ovens there is a trade off in the heating method. If the patty is heated at a low oven temperature the cooking is slow and the patty dries out, resulting in a poor taste. If the patty is heated rapidly at a high temperature, it is ... 詳細を見る

This simple example covers the heating of a finite slab and how the temperature varies with time. We will set up the problem in COMSOL Multiphysics after which we compare the solution to the analytical solution. 詳細を見る

Drying of porous media is an important process in the food and paper industry among others. Many physical effects must be considered: fluid flow, heat transfer with phase change, and transport of participating liquids and gases. All of these effects are strongly coupled, and predefined ... 詳細を見る