Aulis Tuominen and Mika Maaspuro
University of Turku
Turku, Finland
Toni Lopez
Philips Research
Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Sami Yllikäinen
Hella Lighting Finland Oy
Salo, Finland
Raimo Laitinen
Helvar Oy Ab
Karkkila, Finland
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) offer many benefits over incandescent lighting, such as long life spans and high luminous efficiency, and they are environmentally friendly. One of the drawbacks, however, is that LEDs need to operate at the lowest possible temperatures and this must be ... 詳細を見る