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Phase separation occurs when a binary system is quenched from its stable, homogeneous one-phase state into the two-phase region of its phase diagram. The spontaneous separation of two immiscible fluids is sometimes referred to as spinodal decomposition. Each phase tends to separate into ... 詳細を見る

Vacuum drying is a chemical process frequently used in the pharmaceutical and food industries to remove water or an organic solvent from a wet powder. When designing a vacuum drying system, engineers aim to minimize the drying time while maintaining high quality in the product. This ... 詳細を見る

Thermoelastic damping, which arises when you subject a material to cyclic stress, is an important factor when designing MEMS resonators. The stress brings about deformation, where materials heat under compressive stress and cool under tensile stress. Thus, due to the resulting heat flux, ... 詳細を見る

This tutorial compares experimental data from the literature with a COMSOL model of a MOSCAP with interface traps (surface states). The Trap-Assisted Surface Recombination feature is used to simulate the effects of the trap charges and the processes of carrier capturing and emitting by ... 詳細を見る

Small heating circuits find use in many applications. For example, in manufacturing processes, they heat up reactive fluids. The device in this tutorial consists of an electrically resistive layer deposited on a glass plate. The layer results in Joule heating when a voltage is applied to ... 詳細を見る

This tutorial model shows how a user-defined coordinate system can be used to create any type of directional polarization of a piezoelectric material. Results are shown for the case of radial polarization of a piezoelectric disk. The piezoelectric material is PZT-5H. The example shows a ... 詳細を見る

This small tutorial model studies energy conservation in a small conceptual test setup. The model has an inlet and outlet (modeled using ports) and a Helmholtz resonator with a very narrow neck. The acoustics in the narrow neck are modeled with Thermoviscous Acoustic for a detailed ... 詳細を見る

This model demonstrates how the sun causes 1.75 arcseconds of deflection for rays grazing the sun's surface as observed from the earth. Einstein predicted this value after refining his theory of relativity during World War I. 詳細を見る

A thermoelectric leg is a fundamental component of a thermoelectric cooler (or heater). For example, a thermocouple is a thermoelectric module typically made of two thermoelectric legs: one made of p-type and of one n-type semiconductor material which are connected in series electrically ... 詳細を見る

This model utilizes the thermoviscous acoustic interface in a sub-model to obtain detailed results for the transfer impedance of a perforated plate (including the thermal and viscous losses). The impedance is in turn used as an internal impedance in a pressure acoustic model of a ... 詳細を見る