Introduction to Modeling Aging in Batteries
As batteries age there are several degradation and capacity loss mechanisms that occur. You can model different types of battery aging using COMSOL Multiphysics and the add-on Battery Design Module. Here, we provide a general introduction to battery aging, demonstrate how it is is implemented in the software, and cover how to efficiently model aging in your battery simulations.
Discussion & Demo: Battery Aging
An introduction to side reactions as well as degradation processes at the cell scale that lead to capacity loss in lithium-ion batteries, and how they can be modeled in the software, is provided. The options covered for how to implement aging in a battery model include introducing film resistance effects, defining loss of material effects, adding a dissolving-depositing species, defining an adsorbing-desorbing species, and defining the stochiometry. This included any relevant settings and predefined features. Then, how to efficiently simulate a large number of cycles in your battery model is discussed so that it is not computationally expensive. Several techniques are outlined that reduce the number of degrees of freedom and simplify the model. A more in-depth look at specific degradation processes, namely lithium plating and dendrite formation, and how to simulate them is covered. We then demonstrate modeling capacity fade of a lithium-ion battery in the software. This is followed by additional software demonstrations showing how to simulate lithium plating with deformation using a deformed geometry as well as through using the phase-field method.
- Introduction to battery cell scale degradation mechanisms
- How to implement side reactions and aging
- Porous Electrode Reaction node
- Porous Electrode feature
- Nonfaradaic Reactions node
- Distributed ODE feature
- Modeling battery cycling in aging simulations
- Considerations and techniques when modeling a large number of cycles
- Demo: Capacity fade of a lithium-ion battery
- Porous Electrode Reaction node
- Charge-Discharge Cycling feature
- Results plots for capacity fade
- Overview of lithium plating and dendrite formation
- Demo: Lithium plating using deformed geometry (available below)
- Deformed Geometry interface
- Deforming Electrode Surface coupling feature
- Demo: Lithium plating with deformation using the phase-field method (available below)
- Highly Conductive Porous Electrode node
- Phase Field in Fluids interface
Further Learning
To learn more about modeling aging in batteries, degradation processes, and effect on battery performance, please see the following resources:
- Tutorial Models
- Blog posts
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