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Techniques for Simplified Battery Modeling

Building battery models with increased scope and complexity, such as larger-scale or higher-fidelity models, can be resource intensive due to the computational cost and time it takes to run the simulation. There are several techniques you can use to reduce the complexity of your battery models while maintaining accuracy using COMSOL Multiphysics with the add-on Battery Design Module. Doing so enables you to reduce computational costs and progressively build up complexity, which is advantageous for many reasons. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the various approaches, functionality, and workflows for building and using simplified models of batteries, along with demonstrations.

Discussion & Demo: Simplified Battery Modeling

We begin with a comprehensive overview of the logic and motivations for performing simplified battery simulations before introducing the physics interfaces available for performing these types of simulations. The use cases, applicability, and limitations for using a simplified battery model are then detailed. We then outline options for simplifying a Doyle-Fuller-Newman (DFN) model, with each option progressively further reducing the model complexity. This is followed by a model demonstration in which we start with building a 1D DFN model of a lithium-ion cell, show how to progressively simplify it, and show how the changes that were made yield models each with a lower memory requirement and solution time. We then revisit both the Lumped Battery and Battery Pack interfaces to discuss them in further detail and demonstrate the use of each in implementing further simplifications of a battery model. Throughout the demonstrations we evaluate and compare the results to see how significant reductions in the degrees of freedom can be achieved while maintaining reasonable accuracy. We also discuss how these strategies enable us to perform larger scale simulations of battery packs and other applications, which would otherwise not be feasible to model explicitly.

• Advantages of building simplified battery models
• Overview of physics interfaces for simplified battery modeling
  • Lumped Battery interface, Electrical Circuit interface, Battery Pack interface
• Options for simplifying a DFN Model
  • DFN, single particle model (SPM), SPM with elecrolyte (SPMe), SPM (Lumped)
• Demo: 1D DFN model of a lithium-ion cell (follow along using the start model file here)
  • Add second 1D Component
    • Thin Porous Electrode node
• Using the Lumped Battery interface
  • Lumped cell model
  • Two-electrode model
• Demo: Lumped battery (follow along using the demo model file here)
  • Add 0D Component
  • Initial Cell Charge Distribution settings
  • Voltage Losses node
• Using the Battery Pack interface
• Demo: Battery Pack (follow along using the parameters text file and geometry sequence MPH-file here)
  • Current Conductors node
  • Negative Connector and Positive Connector boundary conditions
  • Global Variable Probe

Further Learning

To learn more about about and gain further practice in performing simplified battery modeling, we recommend the Single-Particle Modeling of Lithium-Ion Batteries and Thermal Distribution in a Pack of Cylindrical Batteries tutorial models.